Challenges for Nurses Before and After Covid Care: Resilient Health Practitioners in a Longitudinal Study of Psychology, Values and Self-Actualization
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53819/81018102t5311Abstract
This research focused on the challenges faced by nurses, and their strengths in facing crises of nursing before, during and after the COVID-pandemic, and the personal traits and professional identity and values which may have helped them in meeting these challenges and avoiding burnout. The study was based on a follow-up of nurses completing measures before and after the COVID-19 epidemic in England. In the first study in 2018 with 192 middle-rank and senior nurses, the study described two types of dedicated professionals with a ‘hardy personality style’, enabling them to cope with extreme stress, as psychologically strong, and often self-actualizing professionals, dedicated to higher values of nursing. The present paper presents findings from the follow-up of 185 of these nurses who had been involved in the front-line care of COVID-19 patients in urban centres in Northern England, during and after the “second wave” of COVID patients in November 2020. Measures of adjustment, stress (including PTSD), and Maslowian self-actualization were added to earlier measures of personality, adjustment, work-life stress, and career intention. Cluster analysis identified three types in the 2020-2023 cohort: I ‘Actualizing Professionals’; (N=62); II ‘Strong Professionals’ (N=56); III ‘Highly Stressed Nurses’ (N=45). These latter very stressed nurses included all nurses (N=16) identified as having PTSD symptoms. The study highlights the role of certain personality traits in fostering resilience and growth among healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, as they work towards self-actualization. Al Siebert's concept of the survivor personality, characterized by the ability to navigate and grow from crises, is applied to understand the resilience of nurses, especially in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research underscores the importance of identifying and nurturing positive traits within nurses to enhance job satisfaction and manage stress, suggesting that targeted training and support can help develop resilience. It also acknowledges the global impact of COVID-19 on nursing, calling for further research into the experiences and resilience of nurses during such crises.
Keywords: Nursing Values; COVID-19; Nursing Stress; Burnout; PTSD; Hardy Personality; Self-Actualization
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