Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Kabgayi Hospital in Rwanda
Abstract
Anemia is one of the diseases associated with the pregnant women. World Health Organization (WHO) revealed that majority (61.3%) of anemic pregnant women were found in Africa. On the other hand, Rwanda Demographic Health Survey (2015) revealed that 19% are aged between 15 and 19 years old. The purpose of this study therefore, was to identify dietary and morbidity factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending Kabgayi hospital. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. The target population was 936 pregnant women out of which a sample size of 272 women was obtained using formula of Fisher et al., 2014. Interview guide and structured questionnaire were used as instruments for data collection. The findings revealed prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 29.4% seen at Kabgayi hospital during the study period. The findings also showed nearly a half of them had moderate anemia (46.25%). The findings from multivariate analysis showed that being single (AOR=2.397, 95% CI :1.214-4.730, P=0.012), being in ubudehe category 1 (AOR=0.198, 95% CI :0.071 – 0.554, p= 0.0020) and 2 (AOR = 0.0.200, 95% CI :0.099 -0. CI.404, p< 0.001, not eating dark green leafy vegetables (AOR = 0.392, 95% CI: 0.198-0.775, 92.6 P<0.007) and not eating meat and fish (AOR=6.368, 95%CI: 2.368-14.104, p<0.001), were factors associated with anemia among pregnant women seek at Kabgayi hospital during the study period. This shows that there is a need to improve the living conditions of pregnant women and to help them to how to choose food items based on their iron contents and remembered to take iron supplement during the whole pregnancy. The paper recommended the government of Rwanda and its development’s partners should work in synergy to decrease the magnitude of the disorder among childbearing aged and pregnant women. Besides, police makers and their partners should put in place more programs of sexual and reproductive health to increase knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women about the anemia and it consequences for them and their offspring’s.
Keywords: Prevalence, Anemia, Pregnant women, Anemia in pregnancy and Hospital.
References
Ali, M.M., Ngowi, A.F.& Gibore, N.S. (2019). Prevalence and obstetric factors associated with anemia among pregnant women, attending antenatal care in Unguja island, Tanzania. International Journal of Community Medical Public Health,6(1):950-957.
Angel, M.D., Berti P., Siekmans K, Tugirimana PL, & Boy E, (2017). Prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia in the northern and southern provinces of Rwanda. Food and Nutrition Bulletin Journal. 38(4) 554-563.
Benoist B., McLean E., Cogswell M, Egli I., Wojdyla, D. (2015). Worldwide prevalence of anemia, WHOVitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System. Journal of Public Health Nutrition 12(4): 444-454.
Gebreweld, A., & Tsegaye, A., (2018). Prevalence and factors associated with anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Saint Paul’s hospital Millennium Medical College. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hindawi advances in hematology.
Hasswane, N., Bouziane, A., Mrabet, M., Laamiri, F.Z., Aguenaou, H. & Barkat, A. (2015) Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia Pregnancy in a Group of Moroccan Pregnant Women. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 3(5), 88-97.
Melku, M., Addis, Z., Alem, M., Enawgaw, B. (2014). Prevalence and Predictors of Maternal Anemia during Pregnancy in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: An Institutional Based Cross-Sectional Study Journal, 26(5), 108-137.
Naila, B,& Badruddin S.H. (2008). Anemia prevalence and risk factors in pregnant women in an urban area of Pakistan. Food Nutrition Journal, 29(2):132-139.
Obse, N., Mossie A, Gobena T.(2013). Magnitude of Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Shalla Woreda, West Arsi Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci,; 23(2):165-73.
Okube, O.T., Mirie, W., Odhiambo, E., Sabina, W. & Habtu, M. (2016) Prevalence and Factors associated with anemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in the Second and Third Trimesters at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Kenya. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 6(2), 16-27.
Ouma, P., & Hamel M.J., et al.,(2016). Malaria and anemia among pregnant women at first antenatal clinic visit in Kisumu, western Kenya. Tropical Medicine International Health;12(12):1515-23.
National Institute of statistics of Rwanda (2015).Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Rockville, Maryl and, USA:NISR, MOH, and ICF International.
Shridevi,C. (2018). Study of prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal checkup in a rural teaching hospital in Telangana, India. International Journal of Reproductive and Contracept Obstet Gynecology, 7(11):2612-2616.
Vanamala, V.G., Rachel, A. & Pakyanadhan, S., S. (2018). Incidence and outcome of anemia in pregnant women: a study in a tertiary care centre. International Journal of Reproduction and Contraceptive Obstet Gynecology ;7(8):462-466.
WHO (2011). The global prevalence of anemia. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO (2014). Global nutrition targets 2025: anemia policy brief. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO(2015). Hemoglobin Concentrations for the Diagnosis of Anemia and Assessment of Severity, Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
