A Resource Based View of Curriculum Implementation: Evidence from Primary Schools in Marakwet West, Elgeiyo Marakwet County, Kenya
Keywords:
Pedagogy,, Curriculum Implementation, Employees,, Financial Factors, Schools.Abstract
This paper aimed to determine the effect of teacher pupil ratio and variability of resources on curriculum implementation in Marakwet West Sub-county, Egeiyo Marakwet County Schools. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data involving 2400 school managers, teachers and parents among the primary schools in Marakwet West Sub-County, Elgeiyo Marakwet County. The study findings showed a positive effect of teacher-student ration and variability of resources on curriculum implementation amongst the primary schools in the sub-county. The cross-sectional nature of collection of data weakens the author's claim of causality between the variables in focus. Similarly, the descriptive analysis done could not provide the real effects as the variability and causality of the variables could not be determined with such statistics. The study recommended that school managers need to uphold teacher-student ratio and variability of resources which would improve curriculum implementation in those schools. Besides, schools should emphasize on the teacher- student ratio and variability of resources while delivering their curriculum in order to be assured of effectiveness. Teacher-student ratio and variability of resources have an impact on effective curriculum implementation among schools, hence the society benefits from such implementation. The school stakeholders should strive to improve on them for societal benefits. This was the first study to investigate a linear relationship between teacher-student ratio and variability of resources on curriculum implementation among schools in Marakwet West sub-county, Elgeiyo Marakwet County.
References
Abagi, O. and Odipo, G. (1997) Efficiency of Primary Education in Kenya: Situational Analysis and Implications for Education Reform. Discussion paper No 004/97 Nairobi: Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR)
Banu, D.P. (1985). “Attitudes towards Science held by Secondary School Students in Gongola State, Nigeria. In: Dissertation Abstracts International. Vol. (7): 2055
Bhola, H.S. (2004) Policy implementation: Planning and Actualization. Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, 18 (3), 295-312.
Bishop, G. (1995) Curriculum Development: a Text Book for Students. London: Macmillan Publishers.
Education International, (2006). Teacher Training programme to prevent HIV infection and related Discrimination through schools http: // www. who. Int / school youth
Elimu Yetu Coalition (2003) Reform Agenda For Education Sector in Kenya: Setting Beacon for Policy and Legislative Framework. Nairobi
Fullan, M. & Pomfret, A. (1977). Research on Curriculum Implementation. Review of Educational Research, 47 (1).
Glass, G. V. (1982) School Class Size: Research and Policy. Beverly Hills, California: Sage.
Goodlad, J. & Su, Z.(1992). Organizational of the Curriculum in Philip Jackson (ed.), Hand book on Research for Curriculum. New York: McMillan.
Hawes, J. (1979) Educational Reflections: Models and Theories of Curriculum Design. http//Educational reflections blogspot.com
Hope, W. C. (2002) Implementing Educational Policy: Some considerations for principals. The Clearing House, 76 (1), 40-43.
Juma, M. N. (2001) “From Traditional Distance Learning to Virtual Distance Learning: Higher Education in Africa, Trends and Challenges” in F. T. Tschang and T.D. Senta (eds) Access to knowledge: New Information Technologies and Emergence of the Virtual University, UNESCO/ Pergamon Press
Kathleen, N. (2005). Preparing Teachers as Prevention Leaders in Malawi. http: // www.aahperd.org
Katunzi, N. & Ndalichako, J. L. (2004) Pupils Teacher Ratio. Paris: UNESCO
Kirimi, M. and Mwaniki, P. (2004) “Kenya Focuses on School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene” Nairobi NETWAS international at http://www 2.irc.nl/sshe/rational/index.hrml
Kimwolo A. K. (2019). Do Financial Idiosyncratic Deals Make Good Organizational Citizens? A
Moderated Model of Perceived Organizational Justice. African Journal of Education, Science and Technology, December, 2019, Vol 5, No. 3
Letiwa, P. and Koross, K. (Friday, June 20, 2008) “Thousands out of school due to poverty and Insecurity” in the Daily Nation, Nairobi: Nation Centre.
Louis, J. & Arcand, E (2010). Awareness Raising at Primary Schools in Tanzania http: // www.btccth.org
Loucks, S. & Lieberman, A. (1983). ‘Curriculum Implementation,’ in Fundamental Curriculum Decisions 1983 Yearbook, Alexandria Virginia.
Mainah, F. M. (2013) Factors Responsible for Primary School Drop-out among Boys in Kihara Educational Zone. Nairobi: The University of Nairobi. Unpublished Thesis.
Marianne, A.J. (2006). Integration of life skills and into the South African Schools Life Orientation curriculum http://scholar.sun.ac.za.
Morrison, G.S. (2007). Early Childhood Education today. N.J. Pearson Merill Prentice Hall MOEST (2003) Report of the Task Force on the Implementation of Free Primary Education. Nairobi: MOE
Nafula, N. (2001) Achieving Sustainable Universal Primary Education Through Debt Relief: The case of Kenya. Nairobi: (IPAR)
Naissuma DK, (2000). Survey Sampling: Theory and methods. Nairobi: University of Nairobi Press.
Nkinyangi, S. (2003) Kenya’s Bold Decision to Provide Free Primary Schooling (One Line).
Available: http//portal.unesco.org/education. Accessed on 01.09.2003
Ornstein, A.C.&Hunkins, F.P (2004) Curriculum Foundation, Principles and Issues. Toronto: Pearson.
Rukunga, G. and Mutethia, D. (AMREF) (2006)) School Sanitation and Hygiene Education (SSHE). The Regional Annex, East Africa.
Rogan, J. M., & Grayson, D. J. (2003). Towards a theory of curriculum implementation with
particular reference to science education in developing countries. International journal of science education, 25(10), 1171-1204.
Sabatier, P. A. and Mazmanian, D. A. (1983) Policy Implementation in S.S Negel (ed) Encyclopaedia of Policy Studies (pp 143-169) New York: Marcel Dekker.
Shapson, S. M., Wright, E. N., Eason, G., & Fitzgerald, J. (1980). An experimental study of the effects of class size. American Educational Research Journal, 17, 144e152.
Shiundu, J.S. &Omulando, S.J. (1992). Curriculum Theory and Practice in Kenya. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.
Syomwene, A. (2003) “The implementation of the 8.4.4 Secondary School English Curriculum in Kitui District In Kenya” Unpublished M.Phil thesis, Moi University Eldoret.
UNESCO (January, 2006) UNESCO Policy Brief on Early Childhood No.30 UNESCO (2004) EFA News : A Newsletter of UNESCO. Nairobi office issue VI
Wafula O. S. (2016). Capability Development And Competitive Advantage of Private Primary Williams, P. (1979) Planning Teacher Demand and Supply. Paris: UNESCO