Resilient Nurses Coping with Covid Care: A Longitudinal Study of Psychology, Values, Resilience, Stress and Burnout
Abstract
Findings are presented from 2020 follow-up study of 159 senior hospital nurses involved in the front-line care of COVID patients in urban centres in Northern England, prior to the “second wave” of COVID patients in November, 2020. A typology of nurses from measures completed in 2018 identified 4 types: a. ‘Soldiers’; b. ‘Professionals’; c. ‘Highly Stressed’; d.‘ High Achievers’. In 2020 further measures of adjustment stress (including PTSD), and self-actualization were added to earlier measures of personality, adjustment, work-life stress, and career intention. Principal component and cluster analyses identified 3 main types in the 2020 follow-up cohort: A ‘Actualizing Professionals’; (N=59); B ‘Strong Professionals’ (N=55); C ‘Highly Stressed Nurses’ (N=30). Highly stressed nurses identified in 2018 had mostly left nursing, so the 30 highly-stressed nurses in 2020 were mainly a newly-identified group, who included all nurses (N=14) identified as having PTSD symptoms. The research model driving this research is that of Critical Realism which identifies the process of morphogenesis which creates a constructive dialogue for social change on behalf of nurses, who faced almost overwhelming stress in caring for COVID patients. We have identified two types of dedicated nurses with a hardy personality style which has helped them face severe stress in emerging as psychologically strong, self-actualizing individuals, dedicated to the higher values of nursing.
Key Words: Nurses, COVID, Longitudinal Study, Critical Realism, Hardy Personality, Self-Actualization, Nursing Values
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